Drawing from the course materials, discuss one challenge and one Essay

Drawing from the course materials, discuss one challenge and one opportunity presented to a person who takes on the role of frontline manager in a health or social care service - Essay Example The essay also sheds light on two important aspects of a manager’s role: one challenge and one opportunity that he is presented with and the ways in which he can handle them. The role of a manager is easier said than done. That’s because he has to shoulder many responsibilities. His actions are under constant vigilance by his peers, subordinates and superiors. Anything good that a manager may try to implement can have possible negative as well as positive effects on the entire organization. Thus well analyzed action plan is a must. Becoming a manager requires constant efforts and determination. It also requires leadership qualities such as patience, ability to lead and guide, perseverance, ability to interact well with everyone, etc. A person achieves this through hard work. Along with the respect that it brings, the managerial responsibilities seep the manager of all his energy and demand careful work at every stage. At a health care service unit, a manager comes to deal with a variety of people such as the care takers or the doctors, the accounting department, the staff, the patients or the consumers or the victims of health problems, managers from other branches of the health care unit and so on. While discussing the manager’s role let us analyze for him, Managerial activity is a process of continuous change (Activity 3.2, p.33). One has to understand the current situation and implement new policies accordingly. No matter whatever are your previous experiences, being a manager is every time a new lesson. The first thing that comes to our mind about a manager is the amount of power that he is entrusted with! Indeed this power can work wonders if handled with opportune execution. He needs to be flexible enough to shape circumstances and adapt to demands of employed people and consumers. With all his powers he has the authority to regularize and implement changes such as discipline, better dress codes,

Dramatic techniques Essay Example for Free

Dramatic techniques Essay In act four Proctor has to make the decision whether he should or should not confess. Arthur Miller uses dramatic techniques such as the use of descriptive stage directions. These tell you of the feelings emotions and actions of the characters such as in the opening of the act were Miller sets the scene by saying The place is in darkness but for the moonlight seeping through the bars. Arthur miller also describes sounds such as the sound of footsteps the shouting and the drums used to add drama and tension to the act. Hale has considerably changed from when we first saw him, as now he is no longer self-assured or confident like when he was first introduced. The audience sees a change in which Hale is presented as a different character to the beginning of the play, Hale is now described as being guilty and he is noticed to be different by the other characters They look at him for an instant in silence. He is steeped in sorrow, exhausted, and more direct then he ever was as opposed to his first description of a Tight skinned intellectual. Hale decides to try to convince Elizabeth to help them as they think that she is the only one who can convince proctor to confess, and as Proctor is a respected man within the village they hope that the other accused will also confess. Hale knows that neither he nor Parris could convince Proctor to confess so Elizabeth is there only hope of persuading Proctor before dawn.  When hale pleads with Elizabeth to talk to Proctor to persuade him to confess she is silent and will not speak to hale, but Hale then tells her Proctor will die at dawn, which makes Elizabeth ask if she can speak with proctor. Elizabeth dose not promise to convince proctor to confess however she pleads with Danforth to allow her to speak with Proctor as she knows that he will die at dawn and she wants to see him one last time before he is hung. Proctors appearance is now a visual shock as he is a contrast to when he was first introduced, as he is now a shadow of his former self. When we were first introduced to Proctor he is described as powerful of body and not easily led which is the opposite of how he is described now. Proctor is now described as being another man, bearded, filthy, his eyes misty as though webs had overgrown them. This shows the audience he is no longer the once proud Proctor who was gained the respect of people as he entered the room. Proctor is pressured to confess as he loves Elizabeth and dose not want to leave her as now she has a child on the way and when Proctor questioned her on what he should do she told him I wan you living John, thats sure. Elizabeth also tells him that a hundred or more have confessed. However Proctor is also pressured not to confess as people which he knows have not confessed such as Giles. Elizabeth tell Proctor that Giles stood mute and did not answer his indictment so that he would be pressed and die a Christian death, she also tell him that Giles said only two words More weight. This adds conflict to proctors decision as Giles was an old man and yet he died for his beliefs so that his sons would get his farm. Proctor is also told that Rebecca nurse has still not confessed. Proctors body language towards Elizabeth is different to how he used to address her. Proctor now shows himself to be guilty and dose not know what to do with great force of will but not quite looking at her this show the audience that Proctor dose want to talk to her but his guilt is holding him back. In this section of act four Proctor is shown to be in turmoil as he is not sure whether or not Elizabeth dose want him back or not and whether or not she loves him still pauses- then with a flailing of hope. Emotive language is used in the stage directions to suggest that Proctors decision to confess or not is emotional words such as pain and agony show how Proctor feels although he is not physically in pain he is emotionally torn between his the decision he must now make. Proctor realises that Elizabeth still cares for him when she tells him that there is still some good in him. This adds to Proctors confidence allowing some of his guilt to be lifted and gives him the strength to look into her eyes and ask for her forgiveness. Elizabeth realises that Proctor is about to makes his decision and knows what it will be this adds to the emotion. Proctors decision to confess is dramatic as it builds up wen he rises slowly until he cant hold in what he wants to say anymore and shouts out in great pain Enough, enough-. Proctors decision to confess leads the audience to believe that because he has decided to confess then maybe this will influence Elizabeth and Rebecca nurse to confess. It also makes the audience think that Proctor will live.  The speed of Danforth and the others adds tension as it shows the audience the urgency of getting Proctor to sign as it will soon be to late as its not only Proctor they want to confess. Danforth also wants Rebecca as they feel that hanging these people will cause the villagers to rebel as Proctor and Rebecca, are respected people. Danforth is and the others are so rushed as time is running out and dawn is nearing this means that it will soon be to late for them to save Rebecca and also Proctor may change his mind to confess.

The Visitor Motivations To Attend Events Tourism Essay

The Visitor Motivations To Attend Events Tourism Essay Motivation or the drive to attend events can be of generic nature. Benefits associated with it also plays a motivational role. Leisure and travel especially having quality time with family and friends in addition to enjoy that sense of belonging give reason to attend events. Events pull people from all corners, socializing can be one of the many interest which drives oneself to attend events. The sole purpose of creating events by social and cultural group is socializing. Planned events definitely facilitate socializing, i.e. people coming together and interacting. People attend events for generic personal benefits such as entertainment and simple diversion (we can call this escapism) and having fun. Generic Experiences are those which can occur at any event. These experiences depend more on an individuals state of mind and particular circumstances rather than with the event theme, programme or setting. There are some ambiguous and generic reasons to attend events like entertaining, a reaction to something or ones point of view. . The event might be solemn and sacred. Sports event can attract fun loving visitors. Any enjoyable, stimulating or relaxing event draws people towards it. (Donald Getz, p. 182). There are some specific event experiences which are considered motivational. These events are planned events. People seeking knowledge, with a learning objective welcomes a cultural event. They are able to know something new and appreciable about the culture. Engage emotionally and cognitively with places, people and their lifestyle, historical aspect, cultural performances, food and beverages, art and architecture of that place . Simply sightseeing, enjoying, entertaining or spectacle, does not constitute a cultural experience. Belonging and sharing among a social group, community or nation are reflected in celebration. Values come to the forefront. In many cultural events community itself is the theme of celebration. Cultural events are concerned with genuineness in experiential terms. For a joyous experience being one of the motivational factor, festival and carnivals are attended by visitors. These festivals and carnivals depict a wide range of themes. These festivals can be sacr ed and religious. The carnivals associated with wild and boisterous merry making. The festivals may embody rituals. These festivals and carnivals entertain the attendants, provide a party atmosphere, these seem to be the drive which attract the visitors. The entire experience is dependent on the visitors involvement, their thinking, their approach (Donald Getz, p. 183). The developed souls are drawn towards spiritualism and religion. Any event associated with spiritualism and religion motivates them to attend. Events associated with transcend, to discover self, rapture, ecstasy, revelation with intense religious or spiritual experiences are more than enough to motivate these souls to attend the spiritual and religious events. There are significant differences between being religious and being spiritual. Spiritual refers to personal belief, a search for meaning in ones life, and so any tourist could have a spiritual experience in a sacred place or alongside religious pilgrims. (Timothy and Olsen , 2006, p 271) There are possibilities for spiritual experiences being incorporated into, or modifying mans common forms of tourism, from nature tours to attending farm shows and harvest festivals, food and wine tastings to spa visits. While often associated with visits to sacred places, spiritual experiences are also realized through meditation, exploring and performing rituals. In this sense the search for meaning in life can propel, almost invisibly, many leisure and travel activities or events. (Reisinger, 2006) A rite of passage and a transforming experience, the pilgrimage a special event in a persons life. A quest, a journey and an experience of a sacred place acts as motivational factors for this type of event. A pilgrimage is conceptualized as a special event in a persons life. There are well defined events for religious pilgrimage. The main motive of this event is to purify, repent, sacrifice and praise. In some cases it gains special status, making it a transforming process, at least in symbolic terms for e.g. on completion of the Hajj, one becomes Hajji. (Donald Getz, p. 184). Many tourism scholars now speak of secular pilgrimages or secular events , such as a golfers pilgrimage to St Andrews in Scotland (the generally recognized birthplace of the game) or a wine lovers pilgrimage to the regions in which favourite wines are produced. Gammon (2004) wrote (p. 40): pilgrimage.., will include a journey of some kind to a place (or places) which holds personal and/or collective meaning to the pilgrim The experience might provoke awe and wonderment, whether at a sport shrine or a holy event. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Within special interest groups, or sub-cultures, certain events have prestige and become must-see, must-do icons. For example, marathon runners strive to qualify for the Boston Marathon, making participation in that event almost like a pilgrimage. Does this apply to music concerts or other types of events? Could consumer researchers identify an evoked set of events that people just have to attend because of their symbolic value? (Donald Getz, p. 185) Many political and state events have a high degree of formality, pomp and ceremony attached to them. Terms like stately. regal or dignified might be used to describe the mood. Attendance to these events is to protest, participate or report on depending on what access the visitor have to the VIPs, and how they interact with security. For the politicians in attendance there should be dialogue, negotiation and public displays of diplomacy. (Donald Getz, p. 185) By labelling entertainment an industry, society has created a social construct that depicts many forms of planned events (especially concerts, award shows and sports. but even festivals and art exhibitions) as entertainment. Events, for many, have become legitimate outlets for consumerism where time is spent and money oblivious to, or unwanting of, any deeper experience or meaning than short-lived amusement. This, of course, is a dangerous thing for anyone concerned about the arts, cultural authenticity or social values. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Aesthetic judgement concerns art but is value laden and relative. What one person finds attractive, another might describe as boring or disgusting. An aesthetic experience, however, is one in which we find something to be pleasing to us. It can be the aesthetic appreciation of paintings, food, fashion or music. Designers take note: aesthetic experiences are valued, and they motivate a great deal of travel and consumption. (Donald Getz, p. 185) Authenticity is widely considered by academic scholars to be a crucial factor in visitors motivation to attend any event. In the heritage event, arena authenticity is a widely used marketing tool. If an event is authentic, then the attendee gains both in self-fulfillment because it is perceived to be a more valuable experience but also because it provides greater status and prestige to them when discussing the visit with friends. However, it is important to remember that the degree of authenticity ascribed to the event is often different to different people. A visitors perception of authenticity depends. however, upon their own understanding of culture and appreciation of art forms, such as dance or music, as well as their taste and educational level. It is also affected by external factors such as overcrowding, weather and traffic on the journey there. Similarly to motivation, each individuals perception of authenticity will be different. Visitors accept, and even expect, a certain level of staging and inauthenticitv in events, which do not necessarily detract from the value of that experience, but are seen as intrinsic. Authenticity can be existential, in visitors minds rather than an actual reality. (Peter Robinson, Debra Wale, Geoff Dickson, 2010). In case of Food Events, Festivals, etc the main motivation at the enterprise level is to create relationships with customers and consumers. The opportunity for face-to-face contact can lead to positive relationships with consumers which may lead to both direct sales and indirect sales through positive word of mouth; increasing margins through direct sales to consumer because of the absence of many distribution and intermediary costs; increasing consumer exposure to products and increasing opportunities to sample products rather than through normal retail outlets; building brand and product awareness and loyalty through establishing links between producer and consumer; providing an additional sales outlet. For smaller producers who cannot guarantee volume or consistency of supply, direct sales via event is the only feasible sales outlet; providing marketing intelligence on products and customers. Producers can gain instant and valuable feedback on the consumer reaction to their existi ng products. and are able to trial new additions to their product range; and providing opportunities to educate customers. Visits to events can help create awareness and appreciation of specific types of foods and food as a whole, the knowledge and interest generated by this can be expected to result in increased consumption and purchase. (Telfer and Wall, 1996; Hall and Mitchell, 2001, 2008; Hall et al., 2003) Wine festival visitors are not alike in terms of their needs, wants, and personal characteristics. They should not be considered as being a homogenous group. It is important for festival organizers and wine marketers to recognize these different groups in order to implement appropriate promotional strategies. (C. Michael Hall, Liz Sharples) The single event case study is dominant within empirical work. Li and Petrick (2006) suggest that a majority of the studies pertaining to festival and event motivation have employed travel motivation frameworks which have been theoretically based on the escape-seeking dichotomy and push-pull model. Event attendance motives are multiple, and include cultural exploration, family togetherness, recovery of equilibrium, novelty. external group socialisation, known group socialisation, gregariousness and festival participation and learning.(Janet Cochrane, 2008, p. 236) In addition to the above and taking into consideration the characteristics of the Ulaanhaatar Naadam as a key sporting event, the growing body of literature on motivation for attending sporting competitions should also be acknowledged. Kim and Chalip (2004). in particular. have cast some light on motivations associated with fan interest (identifying with specific competitors) and the aesthetic appreciation. .(Janet Cochrane, 2008, p. 236) Although the practice of marketing is often reduced to, or confused with advertising and sales, it is best described as the management of the interface or exchange relationships between an organization and its stakeholders, in pursuit of achieving the organizations goals. Communications are a key element in this ongoing process. Marketing requires research to gain understanding of customers and other stakeholders needs, motives and choices, the effectiveness of communications, and the influences of price and supply. Its theoretical foundations lie mainly in psychology and economics. Customers are not the only group that requires relationship management that task starts internally with staff and volunteers and extends externally through facilitators and regulators. Events marketing is dependant on the visitors motives to attend the event. (Donald Getz, p. 278) Worldwide interest, increasing globalization, a growing television audience and exposure to the World Wide Web have led to increased interest in events as a reflection of contemporary culture. In some extreme instances, sporting events can stop the nation arid the world. This is certainly the case with some athletic events in the Summer Olympics. Two billion viewers watched Pope John Paul IIs funeral. The execution of this event was doubtlessly planned in infinite detail an extraordinary ceremony attended by the worlds leaders and watched worldwide. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Competitive environment, countries and cities involved in bid processes demonstrate the competitive nature of event procurement. Many conferences and exhibitions attract thousands of visitors and their expenditure is generally much higher than the average international visitor, All over the world in China, in particular there are initiative5 to build bigger and better convention facilities in order to attract this lucrative segment. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Economic and tourism impact, business, cultural and sporting events also contribute significantly to the economic and tourism impact on cities and even countries. Many cities and suburbs are branded by their hallmark events, including Edinburgh. Monaco, Rio, Calgary and Chelsea. Taken into account here is the direct expenditure of visitors and event organizers as well as the indirect (or flow on) economic effect on the wider community. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) Authentic or imaginative event products, consumers look for a point of difference and, in particular, authenticity when visiting an event as a tourist. Where leisure options are a dime a dozen, an event needs to provide the motivation to attend. In the case of annual events, the visitor needs a reason to return. WOMAD is an example of a popular and enduring event, held in several cities. WOMAD stands for World of Music, Arts and Dance, expressing the central aim of the WOMAD festival, which is to bring together and to celebrate many forms of music, arts and dance drawn from countries and cultures all over the world. The organizers say they aim to excite, to inform, and to create awareness of the worth and potential of a multicultural society. (Merilynn Van Der Wagen, 2007, p. 8) There is an old adage that Nothing happens until somebody sells something-an observation offered by Red Motley, the original editor of Parade magazine, the Sunday supplement to the Washington Post. Nowhere is this truer than in the conference and event industry. The marketing process must begin at the outset of the planning process, during the setting of the goals and objectives of the event itself. Marketing must both reflect and drive those objectives. It must also integrate the objectives into one goal and enlist people into action toward the fulfillment of that goal. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) For example. an educational conference essentially has one goal: to educate participants. The marketing approach should emphasize the unique educational programs that this event will offer the attendee. Many vague promotions begin with You Are Invited to Attend. . . or something limpid such as Join Us for the 20th Annual Conference. These are far less comuelling uitchcs than those that proclaim: Learn How to Increase Your Profits or Ensure That Your Business Can Survive in the New Millennium. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) A conference might be designed to focus on a number of objectives such as, for example, education, entertainment, and changing the future governance of the organization. If this is our hypothetical event, marketing should drive all of those objectives. As an example. print promotion should proclaim that when you attend this event, you will learn Techniques for Success, revel in The Greatest Celebration of the Decade, and discover how to Position Our Association to Succeed in the Now Millennium. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) The essential point is that the marketing must begin when the planning process is launched. Only then can it serve as the greatest integral asset to drive attendance, profits. and repeat business at the next event. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) Marketing should integrate all of the management decisions so that they focus on the goals and objectives of the event as well as those of the sponsoring organization itself. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p xvii) History is rich with examples of creative geniuses who have dreamed beyond the borders of the conventional in order to develop awareness and increase sales for their events. they all shared a commonality of purpose. namely, the three Es of Event Marketing: Entertainment,Excitement, Enterprise. (Leonard H. Hoyle, pp 1-2) Whether you are marketing a complete convention or a standalone awards banquet. all three of these elements are critical to the continuing success of any event. Entertainment, for example, is available everywhere in our society. Years ago, people had to make a special effort to leave their homes to attend the theater or a sporting event to enjoy entertainment. They are now saturated with convenient home entertainment options on television, CDs and DVDs, computers. and videos. Key to your marketing success is the need to provide entertainment that will once again compel your audience to leave home to experience something they will not find there, because what you are offering is different, unique. and designed just for them. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Excitement may seem intangible, but it is real. It is key to making an event memorable. Excitement may be generated by entertainment that blows the doors off the place: the great band, the dazzling magician, the fabulous party staged in the atrium lobby of a resort hotel. Bitt entertainment may have nothing to do with the excitement promised by an event marketer. Many marketers miss the opportunity to promise excitement in other critical features of their meeting and other events. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Excitement can be part of a tribute to an industry leader, a new corporate logo introduced at a sales conference, or a celebration of an associations anniversary. The point is that it should always be considered as part of an effective marketing plan. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) For example, the greatest excitement for an attendee may be the eye-opening revelations of that special educational program that advances knowledge and career opportunities and changes lives forever. Or it may be the impact of that keynote speaker whose motivational message will become a lasting asset, and cherished memory, for the listener. The lesson? In whatever you market. incorporate excitement as pad of the promise. And then make sure it is delivered. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) Enterprise is defined in Websters Unabridged Dictionary as, among other things. a readiness to take risks. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 2) The natural inclination of people to experience something new, to be among the first to be able to describe those experiences to their friends, and to become part of the inner sanctum of the new enterprise. They wanted to blow the doors off the place and dared to ask the impertinent questions. (Leonard H. Hoyle, p. 3)

Hamlet :: Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Hamlet is one of the main characters in Hamlet. He have uttermost quest for the revenge with his uncle, Claudius, who is the new king of Denmark. Claudius dishonoured Hamlet’s mother by marrying her and murdered her husband. This all started when one night the ghost of Hamlet’s father appeared to him and revealed the truth of his death. The quote said by the Ghost, â€Å"Thus was I, sleeping, by a brother’s hand/ Of life, of crown, of queen at once dispatched† (1. V. 80) tells that the Ghost’s brother took everything away all at once and because of that his soul wanders in purgatory. To make matters worse, his mother who was the wife of the dead king recently got married to her brother-in-law. The quote stated by Hamlet, "Frailty, thy name is woman!† (I. II.46) gives a clear indication about his amazement for his mother’s emotions are fickle that instead of grieving over her husband’s death, she is celebrating the new love of her life. On the contrary, Hamlet’s world is turned upside down because of all of this mess that’s talking place in his life all at once. After the Ghost left, Hamlet appears to be moody. So far, he is not fully certain to believe the Ghost’s side of the story and whether or not to take revenge. It was not until one day when the travelling actors arrived at his palace. Therefore, he uses this opportunity and asked them to perform a play called â€Å"The Murder of Gonzago†. The quote, â€Å"The play’s the thing/ Wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King† (11.11.152) are a few lines from Hamlet’s soliloquy which gives a clear idea of his plan. He uses the play to basically see the reactions of Claudius in order to be certain of his guilt. The quote, â€Å"O wretched state! O bosom black as death!/ O limed soul, that struggling to be free† (111.111.216) illustrated by Claudius while he was praying in private shows that he finally expresses his remorse of his bad deeds. At first Hamlet thought that he should draw his sword and take his retribution. However, he then stopped to think again and delayed his revenge because he wants Claudius to suffer for his sins and go to hell. However, at the end of the play he kills Claudius and he himself dies during the fencing match which was plotted against Hamlet.

High school days worth remembering as I found myself Essay

Life is all but a matter of constancy, with the changing seasons and tides cutting the remaining days of the lives of men. The progression of the life of being a student retains a significant room in my thoughts as my high school days will always be remembered, if not by everybody else, at least by myself. Or so I think at least by myself, lest I forget that I had the company of good friends along the way. They never abandoned me in times when I need them most. I was there for them when they, too, need someone to be with. It is only a fraction of what sum of good deeds I must or feel to give them in return. And this is what I liked most in my high school days, apart from everything else that contributed to my identity of who I am today. High school has given me the highest chances of expanding my view not only of myself but also to the people around me. This is whether they liked me or not, or whether they ever know me at all. I must say, friendship has given a deeper sense of camaraderie and that my friends have occupied my thoughts everyday. The bond of friendship I had is what I liked most, although at times tests on friendship seem to erode the rigid relationship I had with my folks. My friends and I usually hung-out on one of our â€Å"camps†, the term we call the official hang-out place of the group. And more often than not, these â€Å"camps† were usually the houses of those who were just nearby the school. My friends always bring with them loads of food, and stuff that we can use to spend our time away especially during weekends. As much as we love listening to music, my friends also play several instruments, bringing with them guitars and percussion instruments as we fill the room with melody—albeit gruesome in lazy days. I remember the days and nights that our circle of friends spent together, lazy afternoons that encircled us until dawn with frivolous stories and flights of our fantasies as the clouds hover above us like sluggish cottons against a background of sunburst orange, cold and rainy days that made us huddle together and make remarks on our facial expressions. I remember, too, the high school gatherings we attended and left without hesitation and without anticipation of what may stand ahead of us. All we know is that we have each other and the world did not matter much anymore. I remember these and them very well. These friends of mine in high school are the some of the classmates I had during those years, expanding as time moved ahead of us effortlessly while we toil in our daily tasks in the academe. We were classmates, and we were friends, treating each other more like brothers and sisters whose family names never really mattered, or from which place each of us came from, or from what little we know or from what much we oftentimes misunderstand. We were an eager bunch of students, whose friendship gathered itself across the days and months, sweeping us together amidst the diversity we were into. I hated moments that were spent on the nothingness of empty thinking; of sitting alone with no one to talk to as people pass me by as if I was not there, not even my shadow. I also hated those times when I could hardly pass my exams and quizzes just because I was not able to remember the details in the subjects after memorizing in agonizing hours during the most unholy hours of the night. But above all these, the one thing I hated the most during my high school years was my inability to completely beat deadlines for I was always short in passing requirements although I make certain that I pour my best efforts in completing what has to be done. Perhaps I took a lot of time finishing-off my requirements never being full aware that my time is greatly affected. Adjustments had to be made, and during those years I kept on adjusting, never knowing exactly where I am heading to but still braving the path that few dared to wander through. And so, in the end, I remembered them all even though I seem to have lost myself. I thought I was never really able to arrive at a point wherein I can know more about myself, of who I really am. Yet my friends were my eyes, and in them I saw myself clearly reflected in those precious organs of vision that gripped my being far tighter than any embrace could offer. I remember my high school days very well, and I remember myself even more as much as I remember my friends.

Free Essays on Analysis Of Rise Of The Virtual State

â€Å"Critical Analysis of The Rise of the Virtual State† The central idea in of Richard Rosecrance’s book entitled, The Rise of the Virtual State, is that power is shifting once again, this time to nations whose people are most adept at summoning global financial capital and turning it into conceptual insights for sale around the world. Rosecrance calls these new centers of power virtual states, because their wealth and influence depend on intangible flows of money and ideas. The new virtual state does not need a lot of exports to finance their imports and their foreign investments. However a trained workforce is imperative for these virtual state to generate research, software designs, entertainment, engineering concepts, advertising, marketing, styling, legal and financial innovations. In the second half of The Rise of the Virtual State, Rosecrance examines several nations and comments on how they relate to the virtual state concept. He also generalizes about the relationships and characteristics of what he calls a new system of international politics and economics. Rosecrance, in latter part of his book the Rise of the Virtual State considers three Asian nations to be examples of virtual states: Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan. In varying ways, these have each focused their home economies on services and moved excess production capacity abroad. These three â€Å"Asian Tigers† encouraged direct foreign investment and diversified their production plants in places like China and Russia where labor costs less. Quoting Robert Rowthorne and Ramana Ramaswamy, he says that in doing so, they only represent a growing worldwide trend â€Å"†¦the natural consequence of the industrial dynamism in an already developed economy† (120) The relationship between Russia and Europe is complex. Russia has tended to dominate the continent militarily while Europe has tended to dominate economically. Closer association with Europe could moti... Free Essays on Analysis Of Rise Of The Virtual State Free Essays on Analysis Of Rise Of The Virtual State â€Å"Critical Analysis of The Rise of the Virtual State† The central idea in of Richard Rosecrance’s book entitled, The Rise of the Virtual State, is that power is shifting once again, this time to nations whose people are most adept at summoning global financial capital and turning it into conceptual insights for sale around the world. Rosecrance calls these new centers of power virtual states, because their wealth and influence depend on intangible flows of money and ideas. The new virtual state does not need a lot of exports to finance their imports and their foreign investments. However a trained workforce is imperative for these virtual state to generate research, software designs, entertainment, engineering concepts, advertising, marketing, styling, legal and financial innovations. In the second half of The Rise of the Virtual State, Rosecrance examines several nations and comments on how they relate to the virtual state concept. He also generalizes about the relationships and characteristics of what he calls a new system of international politics and economics. Rosecrance, in latter part of his book the Rise of the Virtual State considers three Asian nations to be examples of virtual states: Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan. In varying ways, these have each focused their home economies on services and moved excess production capacity abroad. These three â€Å"Asian Tigers† encouraged direct foreign investment and diversified their production plants in places like China and Russia where labor costs less. Quoting Robert Rowthorne and Ramana Ramaswamy, he says that in doing so, they only represent a growing worldwide trend â€Å"†¦the natural consequence of the industrial dynamism in an already developed economy† (120) The relationship between Russia and Europe is complex. Russia has tended to dominate the continent militarily while Europe has tended to dominate economically. Closer association with Europe could moti...

Ebola Poor Countries Essay Example

Ebola Poor Countries Essay Example Ebola Poor Countries Essay Ebola Poor Countries Essay In many hapless states, particularly Africa, people are holding a tough and about impossible conflict of win against the Ebola virus. Esther Awete from the western state of Sudan was believed to be the first victim of Ebola. However, scientists are still yet to happen out the chief inception of the virus, and interestingly, it besides affects monkeys excessively. Ebola has claimed many lives and in Zaire entirely ; the first eruption of the disease, there were already 318 instances, harmonizing to the Centre of Disease Control USA. Trends show that Ebola affects third-world states more. Ebola belongs to two groups of viruses in which 1 is called Filoviridae. Because the first eruption was in the Democratic Republic of Congo, it was named after a river at that place called Ebola. There are five categorizations of Ebola: Zaire virus, Sudan Ebola virus, Reston Ebola virus, Cote dIvoire virus which affects Pan troglodytess most, Bundibugyo virus. Most of the categorizations are named after the metropolis the type of Ebola first eruption was. The Ebola virus is shaped like a hockey stick and has a diameter of 80 nanometres. Ebola does non utilize cell division to retroflex itself alternatively invades a chief cell and instructs it to do transcripts of itself. Ebola can be contracted really easy. You can inhale it ; hold contact with an Ebola patient s blood or organic structure fluid to catch the disease. The Ebola virus starts of with febrility, concerns and musculus hurting. After a few yearss, more serious symptoms such as roseola on all parts of the organic structure, terrible emesis of blood, diarrhoea, take a breathing troubles and the most deathly symptom: Elimination of blood. Elimination of blood is really serious and the patient can decease anytime at this phase of the disease. The sick person of Ebola will normally decease in a few yearss and harmonizing to the World Health Organization, 90 % of the Ebola suffers will decease from the Ebola. It is besides classified as one of the 10 deadliest diseases to mankind Ebola is normally conceived to be malaria or common cold because of its symptoms but because of this incorrect construct, many died in Uganda in 2000, go forthing scientists to hold to develop trials for Ebola. Ebola virus can be tested by piss or spit. So far, there has been non an exact remedy for Ebola despite the formidable engineering we have now, but there are some medical specialties which can assist cut down the hurting and symptoms. Ebola can do desiccation and physicians can order re-hydration sachets for patients, help the coagulum of blood vass to halt the hemorrhage, equilibrating the blood and O degree etc. Scientist is still go oning to research and happen a remedy for Ebola. However, scientist has late developed a vaccinum which can forestall Ebola, but this is unaccessible for people in the poorer states as there is a deficiency of money. Deaths because of Ebola can besides distribute the disease to others. That is why, people who died from Ebola demand to be buried deep in the land and cemented in order to forestall the disease from being contracted by another individual. Ebola can besides be used as Weapon of Mass devastation and can present a great menace if used as a arm at war. The former Soviet Union biological arm plan Biopreparat, has besides researched on Ebola and distributed the information as a biological arm. The terrorist group of Japan, Aum Shinrikyo s leader, Shoko Asahara, led 40 members of the group to Zaire to roll up the disease to utilize as a biological arm. Experts can already foretell that if this biological arm is launched in New York, it can kill 1000s. To do the effects of the biological arm more terrible and effectual, states have modified Ebola to do it even more morbific. The Ebola virus besides has inauspicious effects on the environment and environmentalists fear about the archpriest group which can besides contract Ebola. In the past four twelvemonth, more than 5000 gorillas were killed because of Ebola, largely in Zaire. The Primatess can distribute the disease to each other easy and there is besides no remedy for it. Approximately 88 per centum of the Pan troglodytes s population has declined because of the Ebola virus in 2003. Scientists are now doing every attempt to immunize every archpriest against Ebola virus in Africa. Although the Ebola Virus is so fractional, it is a really strong and deathly disease which can do painful and really uncomfortable symptoms such as emesis of blood and elimination of blood. Furthermore, the intellectualness of this virus is so high, that it merely needs to occupy a cell of person, and in a few yearss, life has ended for that individual Used Web sites: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/ebola/ebolatable.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/index.htmlhttp: //www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/intro/bio_ebola.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //ebola.emedtv.com/ebola/is-there-a-cure-for-ebola.html hypertext transfer protocol: //www.afrol.com/articles/23218

Letter To The Editor Essay

Letter To The Editor Essay Letter To The Editor Essay New York Times Re: 16 year old juvenile is out of death penalty for felony murder ­ February 3 I reside in Harlem, New York and very recently I have gotten information on a young man who got involved in a felony murder and the victim was the owner of a drugstore located nearby my apartment. They say he got out of serious punishment because of the lack of evidence of him getting involved into the crime, so they found him innocent. I think it is a mistake for the jury to let this boy out of this crime. It wasn’t right to put him back in his home and the society we all share just because he looked a bit more decent than the other gangsters who killed the store owner. I don’t know how they manage to have him proven guilty, but it’s distasteful how the juvenile restriction rule didn’t affect him. He could have been someone dangerous and could be committing more crimes in the future, but they completely ignored all of it. Another thing I am worried about is that the number of other crimes such as this one is now increasing and I am concerned that this case would have an affect on causing other crimes happening from now on. An innocent little girl got shot by a gangster not so long time ago here and now a hard working store owner just got killed while being robbed. This is why I believe that crimes like this one shouldn’t be taken so lightly and let it slip away. If there were someone other than them in the store at the time who

Detection of the Diurnal Rhythm of Cortisol Secretion Essay

Detection of the Diurnal Rhythm of Cortisol Secretion - Essay Example Irregular high levels of cortisol indicate stress in a patient’s case. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilises antibodies coupled to colour changes in order to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate substances in biological organisms’ fluid streams such as blood and saliva (Lequin, 2005) (De La Rica & Stevens, 2012). A competitive ELISA operates by competitive binding where the competition occurs between already bound antigens and standard added sample antigens. Competitive ELISA allows for strict quantification of results unlike other ELISA methods such as basic ELISA which is slightly quantitative (National Diagnostics, 2013). Cortisol detection requires the use of competitive ELISA since cortisol molecules are too small to be used with sandwich ELISA methods and need to be bound to carrier proteins. A competitive ELISA requires that the purified antigen be attached to the surface after which it is probed in the presence of similar free antigens labelled as samples. The free antigens are treated as the standard for comparison and tend to compete with the bound antigens which in turn lead to lower levels of bound antibodies. The samples are standard yields are then evaluated in order to discern quantitative comparisons (National Diagnostics, 2013). This is illustrated in the diagram provided below. Cortisol tends to pass into saliva relatively quickly so saliva samples from the same person are obtained at regular intervals over 24 hours. Saliva samples are labelled with the time when they are obtained. A microtitre plate is coated with just enough anti-cortisol antibody that can bind around half of the labelled cortisol added. Row eight is left uncoated in order to measure the non-specific binding of labelled cortisol for tubes without any antibody. In order to set up a calibration graph, a set of

Poetry and New Criticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poetry and New Criticism - Essay Example Poetry and New Criticism For instance, ligh-T, s-KY, be-HIND, and Mount-AIN denote that the first syllable is unstressed while the second syllable is stressed in the words of the poem. The poem is also a tetrameter because the iambic rhythm repeats itself four times in each line of the poem. The poem is both narrative and descriptive. This is because it tells a story and, at the same time, explains the world that surrounded the subjects of the poem. The speaker in this poem explains the situation surrounding the subjects, just the way s/he perceived it. Threshing is rich of assonance. For instance, the - i - sound is repeated in the first stanza three times, that is, l-i-ght, beh-i-nd the mounta-i-n. The sound is also repeated in most of the lines of this poem. Alteration is also evident in the poem Threshing. For example, is like the sun’s shadow, the bread, if there’s bread, the leaves darken a little. To emphasize and stress on an issue or point, the poet has used consonance. For example, in the line, they lie in the shade, waiting, resting; the poet has repeated the consonant sound, -ng to emphasize on the activity that the subjects of the poem were engaged in. also, in the line, beyond the fields, the river’s soundless, motionless, the –ss consonant sound has been repeated to explain the status of environment surrounding the subjects of the poem. ... Also, the explanation of the river’s soundless, motionless scum mottling the surface, symbolizes the oppression. The poem is rich of imagery in that there are similes, metaphors and symbols have been used in the poem. For instance, the light behind the mountain has been liked to the sun’s shadow passing over the earth. Also, the cool environment under the trees has been liked to the flask of water that gets passed around. In the poem, the sun has been personified. In the line, the sun’s moving again, taking the men along, the sun has been given human attributes. For instance it said that the sun moves, and at the same time, it takes men along. This personification stresses emphasizes on the effect that the hot sun has on the subjects of the poem in terms of doing their work, and how it determines their fate because it marks movement in time. There is irony in the poem too. Men are sad to enjoy the hours when the sun is hot and their women are far way, but the wor k has not been done. It is therefore, ironical to enjoy a tie of the day when a lot of work still awaits to be done. Also, the poems states that the flask is put away, the bread, if there is bread, in one of its lines. It is ironical for people to lack bread, yet the main activity revolving in the poem is threshing of wheat. It is expected that with the activity of harvesting wheat, bread is supposed to be available in plenty. Nature has been used by the speaker of the poem to explain the surrounding the subjects of the poem. For instance, the hot weather characterized with the scorching sun emphasizes on the type of environment that the subjects of the poem dwell in, in that point of time. Nature also explains the oppression that the subjects of the poem face. The explanation

Telemedicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Telemedicine - Essay Example In some departments such as I.C.U and mental health, superior product is delivered. There was greater patient satisfaction and outcomes (Moehr et al., 2006). For more than forty years, telemedicine has been instrumental in delivering healthcare services to clients in marginalized geographical area. Telemedicine did not only improve patient access, but  also allowed health facilities and physicians to broaden their reach (Moehr et al., 2006). Since containing or reducing health care cost is a key consideration in operating a healthcare system, telehealth services come in handy. It has been shown that telemedicine increases efficiency and reduces healthcare cost through reduced travel trips, shared staffing of health professionals, better chronic diseases management are reduced hospital stays (Moehr et al., 2006). There was overall satisfaction of using the telemedicine services especially on those trained to use the services. There was faster sharing of information and consultations making even learning better. However, those who did not understand well how to utilize the telemedicine were often frustrated and resorted to the traditional face-to-face method (Lam, 2007). Access to the internet is the first requirement for setting up Telemedicine. Enough bandwidths are required to transmit video and audio data. Rural healthcare organizations may face the challenge of obtaining reliable and affordable broadband service. Imaging technologies and their peripherals are a necessity since they are the crucial part of telemedicine (Merrell & Doarn, 2007). They allow healthcare providers to hearand see patients in faraway places. Devices like digital stethoscopes aid in transmitting lung and heart sounds to a remote provider. Moehr, J. R., Schaafsma, J., Anglin, C., Pantazi, S. V., Grimm, N. A., & Anglin, S. (2006). Success factors for telehealth—a case study. International Journal of Medical

Victorian Gothic and Gothic Revival Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Victorian Gothic and Gothic Revival - Essay Example He stressed a case of 'principle' not 'style' and presented rationalist, functionalist and moral principles into the architectural debate. Critic, John Ruskin, suggested that Gothic buildings surpassed other kinds of architecture because of the amount of effort and craftsmanship that was invested in decorating each stone. But many of these early gothic structures they referred to such as churches in the period 1130 to 1140s borrowed from Romanesque traditions (Wilson 2005 p.13) The word Gothic came into fashion when art critic Giorgio Vassari contemptuously equated medieval architecture to barbarism, a throwback to the Goths who invaded Rome (Britain Express 2007). There were certain characteristics of Gothic buildings that stood them apart from the rest. Some characteristics of Gothic styles evolved in time - stark vertical lines, high ceilings, small wall space, pointed door openings and windows and pointed arches (Frankl 2001 p.42). Neo-Gothic style or Gothic revival, originated from the Middle Ages and examples include Notre Dame Cathedral and Palace of Westminster. The main characteristics include flying buttresses, cathedral-style engravings and tall spires. Some of these features were used in a number of skyscrapers in the early 20th century up until 1930. Examples include: The Chicago Tribune Tower and the Woolworth Building (Richman 2006). The Early English period in architecture from 1190 to 1250 was characterized by pointed arches called lancet, used to span wide spaces and also above doorways. Lancet windows have no tracery and were much narrower than their height. Rather than a single large pillar, the columns were made of a group of shafts around a central column. The use of pointed arch walls allowed larger window openings and flying buttresses supported the high walls and vaulted stone roofs. Examples of Early English period styles include Lincoln Cathedral (1220) and Whitby Abbey. The Decorated Period in architecture from c.1290 to c.1350 was a development of the Early English style that was prevalent in the 13th century. The most important element that characterized this style was the window tracery. Intricately designed windows were sectioned by mullions, stretching up to the arched top of the window. The mullions then bifurcate and criss-cross, interconnecting to fill the upper portion of the window consisting of a web of intricate patterns called tracery. Interior rooms and spaces feature high columns supporting vaulted roofs. A number of British churches and cathedrals have the decorated style. One of the periods that sought to revive Gothic style architecture was the Victorian period (1837 to 1901). This was an era where style was a predominant factor in almost every sphere of life whether it was clothes or buildings. The Victorian style is often associated with Gothic style architecture of buildings, dark wood furniture, an abundant of ornaments in wealthy homes and a high culture in architecture, painting, music and sculpture. Original Gothic styles were widespread in the 12th to 16th centuries but from the 18th century Gothic revival art and architecture came into popular use with flying buttresses, pointed arches, the

Policy Paper Middle East Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Policy Middle East - Term Paper Example The mere fact that Syria is facing a civil war constitutes the problem statement, and other associated factors in form of internal and external elements of the overall scenario of Syria. The paper looks at the current standing of civil war in Syria, the historic perspective and the elements that contributed towards it and the future outlook of the country. Syria at present is in the grip of civil war. Further intentions and objectives include getting an understanding and familiarity of the dynamics of the Syrian territory, politics, society, demographics and other associated factors. Assessment in terms of the foreign states and their influence is also part of the study . The topic also provides an overview of the current problem faced by Syria in terms of the ongoing internal civil war. Key words: Civil War, Shiite community. One party state, chemical weapons. Background: Syria is situated in the south western part of Asia and is important on multiple accounts. One of these accounts is the neighborhood and demographic importance. Syria has its borders with Turkey, Israel and Lebanon. Hence the mere geography of Syria speaks of its strategic importance and mere turbulence in Syria would lead to the disturbance of balance in the entire region. Population of Syria makes up for around 22 million citizens and Syria is a multi cultural society that is relatively progressive in its outlook as compared to various other societies of the Middle East. Damascus is the capital city of the country and is centre to the business and political activities and from foreign viewpoint; it is center of attention as well. Syria is a Muslim populous country with over 85 percent of population constituting the Sunni Muslims while the remaining small percentage constitutes the Shiite community of Muslims. Apart from the largely represented population of Muslims there are traces of Christians and they have absolute freedom of worship and other elements of private life in the best manner possible. The form of government in Syria: The country has an uneven history of political affairs. The first unevenness came about in the 1960s when an elected government was toppled by the then Military leader Hafiz Al Asad. Hafiz Al Asad went on to rule the country for next three decades. His rule and reign came to an end around the 21st century and his rule was succeeded by his son Hafiz Al Asad. Since then, the political spectrum of country has been dominated and run by the family politics. The Alawati family is in the corridors of power since last four decades and the country has shaped up into a single party state. It is the small minority of the Shiite community that has been ruling over the majority Sunni community and as a result has created a vacuum and imbalance of the political activities(Billingsley, 2009, 151). The country does not enjoy true and transparent democracy, Bashar Al Asad has been elected to the seat of President ship on multiple instances. Syria once also remained as the part of Mandate system set forth by League of Nations and was given into the custody of France and later on gained its independence as an independent state afterwards. The country depicts number of features and elements that are characteristic of a despotic, tyrant and unelected leadership. The first challenge and vacuum is in form of the absence of any other political party. The

Bag phone to Smart Phone ( Conception, to Design, to Implemetation and Assignment

Bag phone to Smart Phone ( Conception, to Design, to Implemetation and on to Operation then Decommission. CDIOD.) - Assignment Example Consequently, the paper discusses the impact of various design, and the manufacturing techniques that can be used in the production of mobile phones. Conception. A cellular phone is a wireless device that people use to communicate. Its Technology is based on the technology of radio that was developed since 1940’s. In 1843, Michael Faraday researched if electricity could be conducted via space. His study led to the development of cell phone. In 1865, Doctor Mahlon Loomis communicated first through the wireless atmosphere. He developed the idea of receiving and transmitting information via space as a conductor (Androulidakis, 2012 ). He was later awarded 50,000 for his study. The conception of cell phones is traced to the creation and innovation of police cars, taxi cabs, and other service motor cars whereby the radios enabled the police officers and taxi cabs to communicate with each other or a with the central station. Communication technology of cell phones can be traced to i ndividuals that had special radios patched on a phone line through a live operator when making a phone call. Police officers from Swedish used the first cell phone in 1946. The technology was linked to the network of a telephone and was unique of radio technology. The cell phone was less practical because it could make six phone calls before the battery of the car drained ( Bhowmik, 2008 ).. The modern mobile phone technology began when D.H. Ring created six sided cells for cell phones in 1947. Later on, an engineer for Bell Labs developed the idea of cell towers that would receive and transmit signals in 3 directions rather than two. However, despite the development of technologies, electronics and other technologies take years to mature. For example, the first cell phone’s electronics were developed in 1960. In 1967, the technology of mobile phone was available. However, the users had to station themselves within a single cell area. These regions that base stations serviced did not hand off phone calls from one station to the other. Despite users making calls, they were not able to make calls after attaining a certain range ( Goggin, 2006). A call hands-off system was developed by Amos Joel from Bell Labs in 1970. The technology enhanced un-dropped phone calls from one region to another. Even after developing the technology, in 1971 AT&T submitted a proposal to FCC for services of cellular. Approval took 10 years. In 1982, frequencies of 824-894 MHZ Band were allocated to Advanced Mobile Phone Service AMPS . In 1990, AMPS shifted from analog to digital service. Throughout the years, many technologies that led to the development of mobile phones existed. Mostly, the phones were available on vehicles because of large battery requirements. For example, the Mobile Telephone System that was developed by Erikson in 1950 was available in Sweden. Unluckily, it weighed over twenty pounds, which is ineffective when compared to today’s portable devices. 1 st Generation Cell Phones. The first portable cellular phone was unveiled by Motorola in 1983. The cellular phone was called Motorola Dynastic 8000X. The model was approved by FCC in the US. Motorola developed cellular phone technology for years and this model to over 15 years to enter the market costing over $100M. The

Victorian Gothic and Gothic Revival Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Victorian Gothic and Gothic Revival - Essay Example He stressed a case of 'principle' not 'style' and presented rationalist, functionalist and moral principles into the architectural debate. Critic, John Ruskin, suggested that Gothic buildings surpassed other kinds of architecture because of the amount of effort and craftsmanship that was invested in decorating each stone. But many of these early gothic structures they referred to such as churches in the period 1130 to 1140s borrowed from Romanesque traditions (Wilson 2005 p.13) The word Gothic came into fashion when art critic Giorgio Vassari contemptuously equated medieval architecture to barbarism, a throwback to the Goths who invaded Rome (Britain Express 2007). There were certain characteristics of Gothic buildings that stood them apart from the rest. Some characteristics of Gothic styles evolved in time - stark vertical lines, high ceilings, small wall space, pointed door openings and windows and pointed arches (Frankl 2001 p.42). Neo-Gothic style or Gothic revival, originated from the Middle Ages and examples include Notre Dame Cathedral and Palace of Westminster. The main characteristics include flying buttresses, cathedral-style engravings and tall spires. Some of these features were used in a number of skyscrapers in the early 20th century up until 1930. Examples include: The Chicago Tribune Tower and the Woolworth Building (Richman 2006). The Early English period in architecture from 1190 to 1250 was characterized by pointed arches called lancet, used to span wide spaces and also above doorways. Lancet windows have no tracery and were much narrower than their height. Rather than a single large pillar, the columns were made of a group of shafts around a central column. The use of pointed arch walls allowed larger window openings and flying buttresses supported the high walls and vaulted stone roofs. Examples of Early English period styles include Lincoln Cathedral (1220) and Whitby Abbey. The Decorated Period in architecture from c.1290 to c.1350 was a development of the Early English style that was prevalent in the 13th century. The most important element that characterized this style was the window tracery. Intricately designed windows were sectioned by mullions, stretching up to the arched top of the window. The mullions then bifurcate and criss-cross, interconnecting to fill the upper portion of the window consisting of a web of intricate patterns called tracery. Interior rooms and spaces feature high columns supporting vaulted roofs. A number of British churches and cathedrals have the decorated style. One of the periods that sought to revive Gothic style architecture was the Victorian period (1837 to 1901). This was an era where style was a predominant factor in almost every sphere of life whether it was clothes or buildings. The Victorian style is often associated with Gothic style architecture of buildings, dark wood furniture, an abundant of ornaments in wealthy homes and a high culture in architecture, painting, music and sculpture. Original Gothic styles were widespread in the 12th to 16th centuries but from the 18th century Gothic revival art and architecture came into popular use with flying buttresses, pointed arches, the

Bag phone to Smart Phone ( Conception, to Design, to Implemetation and Assignment

Bag phone to Smart Phone ( Conception, to Design, to Implemetation and on to Operation then Decommission. CDIOD.) - Assignment Example Consequently, the paper discusses the impact of various design, and the manufacturing techniques that can be used in the production of mobile phones. Conception. A cellular phone is a wireless device that people use to communicate. Its Technology is based on the technology of radio that was developed since 1940’s. In 1843, Michael Faraday researched if electricity could be conducted via space. His study led to the development of cell phone. In 1865, Doctor Mahlon Loomis communicated first through the wireless atmosphere. He developed the idea of receiving and transmitting information via space as a conductor (Androulidakis, 2012 ). He was later awarded 50,000 for his study. The conception of cell phones is traced to the creation and innovation of police cars, taxi cabs, and other service motor cars whereby the radios enabled the police officers and taxi cabs to communicate with each other or a with the central station. Communication technology of cell phones can be traced to i ndividuals that had special radios patched on a phone line through a live operator when making a phone call. Police officers from Swedish used the first cell phone in 1946. The technology was linked to the network of a telephone and was unique of radio technology. The cell phone was less practical because it could make six phone calls before the battery of the car drained ( Bhowmik, 2008 ).. The modern mobile phone technology began when D.H. Ring created six sided cells for cell phones in 1947. Later on, an engineer for Bell Labs developed the idea of cell towers that would receive and transmit signals in 3 directions rather than two. However, despite the development of technologies, electronics and other technologies take years to mature. For example, the first cell phone’s electronics were developed in 1960. In 1967, the technology of mobile phone was available. However, the users had to station themselves within a single cell area. These regions that base stations serviced did not hand off phone calls from one station to the other. Despite users making calls, they were not able to make calls after attaining a certain range ( Goggin, 2006). A call hands-off system was developed by Amos Joel from Bell Labs in 1970. The technology enhanced un-dropped phone calls from one region to another. Even after developing the technology, in 1971 AT&T submitted a proposal to FCC for services of cellular. Approval took 10 years. In 1982, frequencies of 824-894 MHZ Band were allocated to Advanced Mobile Phone Service AMPS . In 1990, AMPS shifted from analog to digital service. Throughout the years, many technologies that led to the development of mobile phones existed. Mostly, the phones were available on vehicles because of large battery requirements. For example, the Mobile Telephone System that was developed by Erikson in 1950 was available in Sweden. Unluckily, it weighed over twenty pounds, which is ineffective when compared to today’s portable devices. 1 st Generation Cell Phones. The first portable cellular phone was unveiled by Motorola in 1983. The cellular phone was called Motorola Dynastic 8000X. The model was approved by FCC in the US. Motorola developed cellular phone technology for years and this model to over 15 years to enter the market costing over $100M. The

Death of a Salesman †Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

Death of a Salesman – Arthur Miller Essay The original title for Miller’s play was ‘The Inside of His Head’. How does Miller’s use of set, lighting and stage direction help us to understand this idea? Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949. This date is the period after the Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression and this is significant, as one of Miller’s aims in writing this play was that it would be a tragedy that American workers could relate to. The central themes and issues in the play are consumerism and exploitation; Miller wanted to write a play that was critical of capitalism and that would expose the falseness of the American Dream. The original title reflects one of the underlying themes in the play – the central character’s struggle to grasp the distinction between illusion and reality and the past and the present; often Willy Loman’s thoughts and views do not comply with those of the majority of the remaining cast. Miller uses symbolism, set, lighting and stage direction to help us to understand what is happening inside Willy’s head. One of the several symbols that give us an insight into Willy’s thoughts is the athletic trophy. It is placed on a shelf in the sitting room where it can be clearly seen; this demonstrates how important it is to the family. This importance then in turn shows that winning and competition are key ideas here and that this part of the American Dream is important to Willy and he prizes the achievements his son made as they show him as being superior to other people, which is what Willy is always striving to achieve, particularly in regards to Charly. In the same scene is the use of the melody of the flute. It reflects Willy’s father’s success as an entrepreneur (making wooden flutes), something Willy is always striving to achieve, and also the strong influence this has on his son. Also, the actual melody that is being played ‘tell(s) of grass and trees and the horizon’, and reminds us of the stark difference between the life Willy lived as a young child (with the father who he idolises) and the position he is in now; in an overcrowded area of New York, working for someone else (i.e., not working on his own terms, like his father) on commission. Another of the important symbols in the play is the lighting at the end of Act One. Just as Willy is talking about how great Biff was when he was younger, on another part of the set Biff walks into a gold pool of light, which is reflecting the praise Willy is giving him, the gold symbolising the initial power and success that he had. Also, just after this the light fades on Willy, representing the fact that his career, his influence on his children and possibly his life are drawing to a close. A further example of Miller’s symbolism in this play and his manipulation of non-naturalistic elements is in Act Two, the restaurant scene, with varied use of both lighting and music. The first of these symbols is the use of the ‘single trumpet note’ used in conjunction with ‘the light of green leaves’. This initiates the start of Willy’s mind thinking back to an event several years ago, the green of the leaves symbolising the time when the house was not surrounded by high rise flats, noise and pollution. Miller also says that the light ‘holds the air of a†¦ dream’, which is insinuating that at this point in time Willy’s dreams for himself and his children had not yet been ruined. This is upheld by the naturalistic state of his living environment. Throughout the scene the light continues to fluctuate and highlight different places and times. Another important part in this restaurant scene I when the music changes dramatically to accompany the presence of The Woman in Willy’s mind. The music is now ‘raw and sensuous’ highlighting one major part of Willy’s life, at this point in time, that does not fit into the same mould as the rest of his life; he is a family man, supportive of his children and striving to achieve new heights for his family, but now he is doing the very opposite of this by cheating on his wife, and so the music does not reflect any of the other, often light and cheerful melodies played on the flute. Up until Biff discovers his father with The Woman, no one else is aware of her part in Willy’s life, so even at this early stage, Willy will have thoughts inside his head which do not relate to those of an of the other central characters.

Business Plan For Nike Products Business Essay

Business Plan For Nike Products Business Essay Nike Inc. is one of the renowned and largest manufacturers and importers of footwear and apparel. The present study aims at introducing the Nike products in a country where there are some restrictions upon women to select items that are not matched according to their religious ideology. For this a detailed market plan ahs been prepared and write up has been made for initial feasibility of necessary funds for cost allocation and advertisement. The study also made a SWOT analysis in such countries and view whether there are certain implications for the introduction of NIKE products or not. Introduction to NIKE Business: NIKE Inc. is renowned as worldwide importer of Japanese shoes and has proved it t to be the largest dealer in footwear and apparel. The estimation for the likeness of the NIKE products can be sketched from the overview that Nike products are sold on almost 20,000 retail accounts in USA only and about in 110 different countries. Apart from the athletic footwear, the company also sells Nike and Bauer brand sporty tools brand by Cole Haan and informal footwear and the Sports etc. The company is directly involved in the designing, development and marketing of its products while manufacturers are located in overseas. The company has a strategy to made consistent innovation in design of its products and heavy promotion in order to excel growth all over the world. Nike products were introduced by Philip H. Knight in 1962, who with an idea to eliminate the monopoly of German products on American market, started to import its products to USA on small scale. Along with the introduction of large range of products (Blue Ribbon sports shoes, Boston Shoes, soccer shoes) to satisfy customers demand, the firm ultimately shaped into Nike, Inc. By the end of the decade, the company has opened many retail stores within the region but the main problem faced by Knight was the lack of capital that has been financed by Japanese trading company Nissho Iwai Corporation. The availability of external financing enables Knight to arrange the manufacturing of its products overseas with the help of independent contractors. In order to import its products overseas, the company has introduced its brand name Nike in the whole world. The Company has tried to introduce new line of products in athletic shoes range but the growth of the company truly begun to take-off with the introduction of jogging shoes that were sold in United States in late 1970s. Nikes revenues turned to be tripled within two years in 1976 and then became doubled in just one year in 1977. To satisfy demand, the company opened new manufacture outlet, in Taiwan and Korea. An acceleration of sales was expanded with the introduction of NIKE products in Asian and South American markets in 1977. By 1982, in the companys line of products, more than 200 different kinds of footwear has been introduced by the company including the Air Force, basketball footwear, and shoe for racquet sports, the Air Ace, the newest models of innovative shoe designs that had pressed Nikes earnings to annually increment of almost 100 percent. In addition, 200 different types of clothing have been introduced by the company. Nike Mission Statement: The Mission statement of Nike introduced the concept *To bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world *If you have a body, *you are an athlete*. The main aim of the Nike Inc. is to facilitate the athlete all over the world regarding the comfort of shoe and make every one to feel like an athlete if he has potential to use Nike products. Secondly, they want to bridge the gap between the provisions of goods overseas for this they started importing their products in order to boost growth and break down the monopoly of German products that have captured the United States market at that time. . Today, Nike always tries to find new and innovative style to make a competitive athletic goods and innovative methods to get a feedback directly from their consumers. Business Idea in Conservative Country: A conservative country may be defined as a place where the resources are scarce but people still believe to achieve most through hard work and dedication. In the pursue of introducing the products of NIKE in any conservative country, we have decided to use Pakistani women as sample filed because now a days Pakistan is economically conservative and women are specially restricted to wear dresses that represent their Islamic ideology. Per capital Income of average person is declining and conditions are getting even more worse still people in Pakistan believe that the conditions can be overcome. Low per capital Income is the basic for the savings and if people have savings they can enjoy the facilities of luxuries like NIKE products. Similarly, women prefer their family needs than their own needs and they do not want to spend money on such kind of unnecessary items. To excel the demand of the products, Strategies are hard to define in a country like Pakistan where resources are scarce bu t we have made an attempt to focus the attention of people. Executive Summary: For this, we have made first the executive summary of the person who will initiate a Company like environment as Sale center of NIKE products. The executive slogan is that behind great Company, there are strong leaders At Nike, environment is mutual, matrix organization where team members are allowed to report in two areas i.e. geography and global function. Nike brand include footwear, apparel and equipment product engines. The core customers categories include sports things, basketball, football (soccer), mens training, running, sportswear, and womens training; the business is being conducted in three main cities. Chairman (CEO) Chief executive President President chief Executive Officer CFO VP Financial Officer Treasurer Assist Treasurer Accountant Book keepers VP, Global Human Resource VP, Creative Design Resources VP, Commerce Affiliates President,Busines development P Marketing P Research Idea Generation: The recent survey conducted by us revealed that there was a tremendous growth and demand for the Nike products in Pakistan but females are specially deprived of using the same products as they are not too much involved in sports. Thus the promoter of the Idea takes an initiative along with other members to set up the business plan for execution of NIKE products for women in Pakistan. Later they Explored various aspects as whether to conduct plan and develop a web site or use other effective tools with some other unique ideas. Market Survey: As per the survey, Lahore and Islamabad has one of the highest demands for Nike products, since the willingness of the people for getting quality/branded products at cheap rates and within the geographical distribution is high. Also women in these areas are now stepping forward shoulder to shoulders with men to achieve the same success in every field as the man can. Thus, we analyzed the business scenario prepared a SWOT analysis. Strengths: Nike is the top most and highly competitive organization in the sports world. Phil Knight often quoted that Business is war without bullets. The major strength of the business is that Nike has no factories still it is the largest importer of athlete products because it ahs managed manufacturer overseas. Due to this ability the demand of the customers can easily be met within the country at low cost. Nike is not bound to spend its cash in premises and manufacturing workers. This makes a very tilt organization. Nike makes it strong with the help of research and development apart from assets. The Nike outlet in Pakistan will increase its revenues also the people will be introduced with different range of products. NIKE is a global brand, that make its the top most sports brand in the World. Its famous Swoosh is recognizable all over the world and even it is tattooed on the ankle. Therefore, the customers who never compromise on quality can be good target market for the NIKE products. NIKE products are especially comfortable for women as these can fulfilled the needs according to their ideology therefore, they can excel the use of the products in country. Weaknesses: One of the major weaknesses is that the organization must have a multiple line of products of sports goods while the business income still takes most of the share of the footwear promote. It means that all other products revenues could not offset if footwear market erodes. If the business will erode in parent Country that will affect the business in other countries as well. Opportunities: Nike can create many opportunities regarding its Product development. As the brand is protected by owners who do not considered Nike as a fashion brand. However, the demand of the consumers depends upon their willingness to buy Nike products apart from their likeness for NIKE products. If some argue that youth consider Nike a fashion brand, this could be an opportunity for NIKE products, There is also opportunity to innovate products such as sports clothing, sports cycling and jewellery. There is an opportunity of international business development. As Nike share strong brand recognition, many international markets that have such kind of income which can be spend on high price sports commodities can manage to enter the range of Nike brand. Threats: As Nike is exposed to international trade, it can buy and sell in different currencies which are the major threats of revenues fluctuations due to different currencies involved. Such an exposure means that Nike could be manufacturing its product at loss as well as at selling. This is an important point that every big brand has to face just because to maintain its reputation in the market in the global world. As the Model used by Phil Knight in his Stamford Business School days is now commonly used there is major threat that the edge of competitive advantage will be lost. Competitors of the Nike can take away Nikes share from the market by introducing substitute products. Regional Review: Pakistan is a highly riches resources country in agriculture and industrial point of view as well. It exports almost 60% of of its products on international standard the total population of the country is almost 18 crore and women are almost 45% of the total population. People their love to play support because Pakistani weather is very famous in the world. Now a days women are much aware readings the importance of sports and games and they are more conscious about their fatnesses and health. However there are some cultural and religious restrictions in the country but women are trying to participate in gyms activities in the ladies gyms as well. Now we will analysis the ratio of the women fitness trend in the majors cities of Pakistan like Lahore, Islamabad, Karachi, Multan etc. There is more participation in women fitnesss centers. It has been increase from 2004 to 2009 up to 22% in Pakistan. Now a days Pakistani women are working in the offices whether part timer or as a full timer so they are more concerned about their fitness and almost 45% of the members of the gyms are women aged 18 to 45 years. The women fitness activities have been increased in the last 3 years and there is more chances to increment so if the Nike product is launch in Pakistan than the total estimated market share might be 6% to 7%. Product Selection: The target market (Pakistani women) selected is available in various ranges (age size), which are as followsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ From 18- 20 years From 20-25 years From 25-30 years From 35-40 years And the above-mentioned ranges sizes are available mostly in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad because these areas are labor intensive. Most of the labor is Cheap Technical knowhow: There in no need to hire technical staff as the products at display centers will only require selling strategies and financial matters. However the sale experience must be required or there should be proper training sessions for the sale person who will stand in the retail stores and the person should know all the products as trained by the company. Availability of funds: After collecting the necessary funds, we would commence our business. We can borrow from bank as well. We can borrow from bank as well. Recruitment: The recruitment required is for 4 sales managers initially the specifications are as follows: They should be literate at post graduate level They should have enough knowledge about Nike brands Pleasant personality having skills to attract customers Feasibility Plan Capital Contribution = Rs. 3,000,000 FIXED COST PALN:   Rs. Building (Store room) 850,000 Conveyance 650,000 Equipment 60,000 Furniture 125,000 Land 70,000 Total 1,755,000 Variable Cost Plan: 1 month 2 month 3 month Total Salaries expense 250,000 250,000 250,000 750,000 Maintenance expense 50,000 50,000 50,000 150,000 Wages 60,000 60,000 60,000 180,000 Utilities expense 25,000 25,000 25,000 75,000 Rent expense 125,000 125,000 125,000 375,000 Entertainment expense 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 Misc. Exp 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000 Total 530,000 530,000 530,000 1,590,000 Loan Requirement Plan Rs. Rs. Capital Investment 30,00,000 Cost of Sales 3,345,000 Requirement for General Reserve 635,000 3,980,000 Short Fall / loan requirement (Rs.) 980,000 On the basis of the projection report and the above given table, there is a requirement of a sum of Rs. 980,000/- for which we have applied for a loan from Bank. FORECASTED FINANCIAL STATEMENT NIKE Incorporation, Trading Profit Loss Account For 3 months Rs. Revenues 1,000,000 Cost of Sales 250,000 Gross Profit 750,000 Operating Expenses 530,000 Interest Expense @ 9.5% 23,275 Net Income 196,725 Nike Incorporation Feasibility Balance Sheet For three months ASSETS Rs. Liabilities and Equity Rs. Cash 1771725 A/P 980000 Land 70000 Capital 3000,000 Building 850000   Add: NP 196,725    3196725 Conveyance 650000 Equipment 60000 Furniture 125000 Stock 650000 Total 4,176,725 Total   4,176,725 Terms of Repayment of Loan: As per the agreement between Bank NIKE Inc both have agreed on the terms that loan will be repaid over a period of 5 years @ 9.5 %. MARKETING: The basic market research instrument was the survey in the TOI that told us about a possible potential in this field. All the partners then carried out research by collecting primary data ourselves. We spoke to existing manufacturers, locals etc. Though the market for our product is very huge, the competition is quite tough. But flags are used by everyone in the nation. Hence, like all of our competitors we are using Mass Marketing. There is range of product line i.e. the flags with a fair amount of variations in the product itself (as mentioned earlier). The pricing method we have chosen is the cost plus method where we plan to gradually increase the profit margin. Our products will be sold both in almost every city of Pakistan. We are using Quality Assurance as a key marketing strategy as the raw materials we use are of a good quality and the products are manufactured and stored in a good environment. Conclusion/Recommendations: The capital invested is of Rs.3, 00,000 and the total cost of production is Rs. 250,000 and thus resulting in a profit of Rs. 196,725. Since there is less availability of funds and thus as a company need a loan from the bank. Also the sales are expected to grow by 10% every year. It is strongly recommended that in order to excel the demand of the NIKE products in conservative countries like Pakistan, the business has to change its strategy and made a range of the products that is only for females and according to their likeness. As females like to be fashion oriented, the design should be made of unique style that are according to the fashions and taste of women style. This needs strong advertisement as well. Following all such the business can generate a strong demand for women footwear and apparel in NIKE products.

Making a Difference as a Teacher :: Teaching Education College Admissions

Making a Difference as a Teacher I have not always wanted to be a teacher. I always knew that I wanted to work with children in some way, but I was pretty sure that teaching was not for me. I was well on my way in my junior year of college working toward a biology degree so that I could become a pediatric physician’s assistant. I still cannot explain what happened, but one week I was a biology major, and the next I knew that I have always been meant to teach children. I suppose I just took the longer route to get there than most people do. The two main reasons that I have chosen to become a teacher is that I believe that teaching is extremely personally rewarding in many ways and the fact that I can actively make a difference in someone’s life. The first main reason that I have chosen teaching as a profession is because I believe that it’s continuous rewards will help me to lead a happy and fulfilled life. For example, teaching young children is one of the few jobs in which you can give and receive hugs on a daily basis. Children have an innocence and a passion for knowledge that I find amazing and I do not feel complete unless I am around them. Teaching will help provide this fulfillment for me every day. Also, teaching is a job in which it is ok, and even encouraged, to laugh each and every day. I feel that this is important for a person’s well-being and I think that it helps to keep people young and alive. I feel that in many other professions the day-to-day routine would become monotonous and boring, and I do not think that I would live a truly happy and fulfilled life unless I could be around children. I feel that a classroom provides many unique and dynamic opportunities every single d ay and I find that very appealing. Also, I am a very relationship-oriented person and I feel that I will enjoy building unique relationships with each child. I plan on knowing every child as thoroughly as possible because I feel that this will help me to be better at my job.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay :: Synthesis Essay

1. What is a synthesis? A synthesis is a written discussion incorporating support from several sources of differing views. This type of assignment requires that you examine a variety of sources and identify their relationship to your thesis. 2. Synthesis is used in: Analysis papers to examine related theories. For example a comparison between the theories of evolution or who shot JFK. Research papers to incorporate multiple sources. For example looking at economic and social effects of proposed legislation. Argument papers to compare differing views and support a coherent claim. For example, is Turn it in a violation of student’s rights? One side may argue that the company steals students’ papers while others claim that students agree to have their work archived. Business reports to examine differing ideas and blend into a coherent plan. For example, what are some of the plans to improve Toledo’s waterfront to attract more visitors and increase business opportunities? 3. Tips for an effective synthesis essay: Establish your purpose to shape the way you want to argue and form your thesis. The thesis is the main claim or idea of your essay. Select your sources and become familiar with them so that you can discuss them in relationship to your thesis and supporting argument(s). If you simply quote sources without evaluating them then the sources will control your paper and your audience will may misinterpret the information. Develop an organizational plan. Arrange more than just one source per point; multiple sources will increase your credibility. Look at how sources may agree or disagree with one another and evaluate which source has better logic or more credibility. Evaluate or interpret each source, then show the relationship between the sources and your thesis. Document each source; note the author and page number as well as listing the source on the Works Cited page to avoid plagiarism.

Physical Changes on a Flower

[pic] The Stages of a Flower from Seed to Bloom (The process by which flowers changed physically) It usually takes at least seven weeks for a flower propagated from a seed to bloom. The growth and development of flowers occurs over several weeks from the germination of seeds planted in the ground to the time in which flowers bloom. The entire process happens in about five stages for most flowers. Although different flower species have various bloom periods, the general growth and development process is basically the same for all flowers.Moderate variations in the length of time of certain stages may differ by flower species. Stage 1: Days 1 Through 5 The seed begins the germination process soon after being planted. During day 3 of the initial growth and development stage, imbibition starts whereby the dry seed takes in water from the ground. Shortly after this occurs, the radical (root) emerges from the seed coat on or about day 4. On day 5, the radical begins to extend and develops a root system at one end and a stem at the other end.The stem starts the process of making its way upward and eventually past the soil's surface. Stage 2: Days 6 Through 26 Stage 2 is the stage in which a flower's leaves develop. Leaf development usually begins on day 6 and continues to day 26. Leaves begin as tiny rosettes (leaf buds). As the stem begins growing leaves, the development of a flower's primary root structure also culminates usually sometime after day 14. Even though leaf growth does not officially happen until stage 3, the first leaf buds may begin growing after day 18 and continue until day 26. Stage 3: Days 19 Through 30Slight leaf growth overlap exists between stages 2 and 3 to account for the time period in which the initial leaf buds embark on growth. However, stage 3 officially marks the entire leaf growth period. During this stage all of the leaf buds grow until each one reaches full maturity at about day 29. It's also possible for stage 4 to begin during the l atter part (day 26) of the leaf growth stage. Stage 4: Day 26 Day 26 is the day in which most flowers experience inflorescence emergence. In other words, flower buds start appearing on the stem, signifying stage 4 of development.It often occurs toward the end of stage 3 leaf growth; however, it is treated as a separate stage, because the period indicates the growth and development exclusively of flowers. Stage 5: Days 31 Through 49 Stage 5 commences the flower production phase. On approximately day 31, the first flower bud opens. Additional flower buds continue opening throughout a roughly 18-day bloom period until day 49 at which point flower production typically ends. Why some chemical changes are important? Without chemical reactions, chemical processes and chemical changes could not occur.Without chemical processes, life is not possible. Anything alive is alive (at least in part, if not in sum) because of the biochemical processes going on in the organism. No chemistry equals no life. All living things are (without exception) biochemical mechanisms or biochemical machines. [pic]References:1. The Stages of a Flower From Seed to Bloom | eHow. com  http://www. ehow. com/list_7576728_stages-flower-seed-bloom. html#ixzz2BpA87y462. http://wiki. answers. com/ Q/ Why_ are_ chemical_ reactions_ important_ in_ living_ things3. http://www. oogle. com. ph /imgres? um=1&hl= fil&biw= 1024&bih =505&tbm= isch&tbnid= ZAM01aVdTEe4zM :&imgrefurl= http://www. usnon. com/ incidence- of-hypertrophic -scars- physiology -of-vitamin -d-3. htm &docid =k3rsn FHNOJIXuM&imgurl = http://www. usnon. com/ wp-content/ uploads/ 2009/1 0/ Figure

Chemistry Lab Report: The effect of acid rain on different metals Essay

* Research question: From all of the metals Iron, Copper, Tin, Aluminium, Lead, Nickel, used in the architecture of a building, which of these metals will corrode the least when acid rain reacts with these metals? * Background Information :Acid rain is caused by air pollution when fossil fuels such as coal, oil or natural gas is burnt and when smoke is emitted from industries into the air. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which is present in the smoke, reacts with the water and the other chemicals in the air to form nitric acid(HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) which falls down to the earth’s surface as acid rain and since it is corrosive, it causes damage to buildings, sculptures and to other forms of infrastructure. * Theory: Metals such as, Copper, Tin, Aluminum, Lead, Nickel, will corrode or dissolve in the acid when it reacts with acid rain causing the mass of the metal to decrease. It also causes the metal to rust which makes it useless for the building. All the metals, will decrease in their mass when reacted with acid rain so to measure which metal is destructed the most, the loss in mass for all the metals over a fixed period of time will be used for investigation. * Materials used for the experiment: * 3000 ml of acid rain for investigation. * 1000 ml (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 5 ml) measuring cylinder for measuring the amount of acid rain used. * 100 g of solid Tin chips. * 100 g of solid copper chips. * 100 g of solid Iron chips. * 100 g of solid Lead chips. * 100 g of solid nickel chips. * 100 g of solid Aluminium chips. * Stopwatch. * 30 large beakers of 100 ml(à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.5 ml) each. * Spatula. * Pan balance (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.001 gram) * 5 litres of distilled water. * Variables for the experiment: * Independent Variable: The independent variable of the experiment is the metal used for each trial of the investigation to obtain the data. This is the only factor which will be kept changed for all the experiments. Each metal will be measured by weighing 10 g by using the pan balance for each trial. * Dependent variable: The dependent variable is the loss in mass over the time given for the metal to dissolve in the acid rain. As this will depend on the metal used. As the metal which has the greatest weight loss, that metal would be the one which should not be used for a metal in building. The metal with the least loss should be used. The loss in mass of the metal will be measured in grams by weighing all the beakers with a pan balance with acid rain in it and adding the metal to the acid rain forming a solution and weighing it. After the fixed amount of time kept, weigh the final amount of the beaker. The difference between the initial and the final mass of the beaker with the contents will be the loss which is the dependent variable. * Constants of the experiment: The constant factors of the experiment are the time given for the decrease in mass for all the 6 metals. The mass of each metal used is kept constant for all the trials. The volume of acid rain used is also kept constant for all the trials. * Controlling the variables: To control the variables of the experiment, the metals, will be placed in distilled water to ensure that it does not get dissolved in normal water and only gets eaten away in acid rain so that the metal used will be tested first to see whether it will dissolve in acid rain to achieve the best possible result. * Procedure of the experiment: 1. Measure out 100 ml of distilled water with the measuring cylinder and pour it into the beaker. 2. Weigh the mass of the beaker with the water in it with a pan balance. 3. Take Iron chips and weigh 10 g of it with a pan balance and place it in the beaker. 4. Weigh the beaker with these contents as the initial weight and cover it with a lid. 5. Start the time and keep the time as 30 minutes for the experiment. 6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 for Copper, Tin, Aluminium, Nickel, and Lead. 7. After 30 minutes, weigh the mass of the beaker with its contents. 8. Record the change in mass. 9. Repeat steps 7 to 9 for Aluminum, Copper, Tin, Lead and Nickel. 10. Measure out 100 ml of acid rain with the measuring cylinder and pour it into the beaker. 11. Weigh the mass of the beaker with the acid rain in it with a pan balance. 12. Take Iron chips and weigh 10 g of it with a pan balance and place it in the beaker. 13. Weigh the beaker with these contents as the initial weight and cover it with a lid. 14. Start the time and keep the time as 30 minutes for the experiment. 15. Repeat steps 10 to 14 for Copper, Tin, Aluminium, Nickel, and Lead. 16. After 30 minutes, weigh the mass of the beaker with its contents. 17. Record the change in mass. 18. Repeat steps 7 to 9 for Aluminum, Copper, Tin, Lead and Nickel.